If it were only a cube, he would have easily measured its volume and thus the density. However, he must do it without changing the crown’s original form. According to Vitruvius, Archimedes made this discovery upon the request of his friend, King Hieron II, that the new gold crown in the shape of a laurel wreath be tested if it were made of pure gold or not. This principle states that “a body immersed in a fluid is pushed upward by a buoyant force that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.” This is useful in hydrostatics and is known to be the Archimedes’ principle. Perhaps Archimedes’ most popular discovery is the Archimedes’ principle allowing people to compute the volume of an irregularly-shaped object. He also designed block and tackle pulley system, as describe by Plutarch, which enabled people to lift heavy objects with lesser amount of force. This is a pump made of a revolving screw inside a cylinder that is turned by hand and is able to transfer water from a lower position to a higher one. One of which is the Archimedes’ screw which is still used in some parts of the world today. Other than being a mathematician, Archimedes also invented many mechanical devices that were used mostly in the defense of his native city upon the invasion of Roman soldiers. Amthor finally found the general solution. One of the problems which he sent to them was the Cattle Problem presented in a forty-four-line poem that took a number of years before it was completely solved. He sent them mathematical theorems and problems to his own delight (and revenge). He had communicated with mathematicians in Alexandria, especially Conon of Samos and Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Some of his writings showed that he probably spent part of his life under Euclid’s contemporaries in Alexandria, Egypt. We can not tell as it is unknown, whether he had a wife or children. Other information about his life was written by Heracleides, which was Archimedes’ friend, but sadly, the work was lost. Little is known about his family and his early life but he had written in his The Sandreckoner that his father was named Phidias and that he was an astronomer. His date of birth was dated 287 BC based from John Tzetzes’ assertion that Arhimedes lived for 75 years. IntroductionĪrchimedes was a native of Syracuse, Sicily. Archimedes is great both in theory and application as he did not only gain reputation for being a mathematical genius but also as an inventor. One of which he is most famous for is his theorem that measures the weight of a body immersed in a liquid (called the Archimedes’ principle). He contributed many theorems in geometry that have applications in other fields such as engineering, physics, and astronomy. His achievements in mathematics were outstanding. Most historians and mathematicians consider Archimedes of Syracuse as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.
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